Ten consortia described the U.S. financial sector.

<P> 19 century and early 20th century, the U.S. economy due to the concentration of production and capital, prompting banks to accelerate fusion of capital and industrial capital to form a consortium of many monopolies. .Before World War II, a Morgan - First National Bank, Rockefeller, Kuhn - Loeb, Chicago, Mellon, DuPont, Boston and Cleveland, the eight consortia. .After the war, eight consortia strength changes, the rise of the new consortium, formed the Rockefeller Foundation, JP Morgan consortium, first Citigroup consortium, DuPont Foundation, Boston Foundation, Mellon Foundation, the Cleveland Foundation, Chicago consortium, the consortium of California, Texas consortium etc. .consortia rule of the United States pattern. .Especially in the second half of the 50's to 70's half of the advances in science, technology, rapid development of the U.S. economy, the industrial structure also will be undergoing profound changes, big companies and big enterprises have implemented a variety of cross-industry business, further concentration of production and capital .to accelerate the development of the mixed joint ventures. .Mutual penetration of the consortia, the relationship between complex, I have you, you have me, more and more blurred the boundaries of the consortium, but the eastern part of the consortium such as the Morgan Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation and the First National City Bank Foundation, is still .In a dominant American political, economic, and social dominance. .</ P> <P> and development consortium </ P> <P> United States from the early 19th century industrial revolution, more than Britain, France and other countries 50 years later, but by 1890, U.S. industrial output to more than the British ., France, Germany and other countries, ranking first in the world. .Accelerated the rapid development of industrial production and capital concentration. .Focus to a certain stage to naturally go monopoly. .1893 economic crisis, some enterprises were merged, resulting in a number of monopolies, for example, founded in 1901, the United States Steel Corporation is the product of mergers. .It is the first U.S. "billion dollar company", the control 7DO enterprises, the monopoly of the national steel production, the annual output accounting for 65% of national output. .</ P> <P> rapidly concentrated in the industrial production process, the bank's capital and more concentrated. .19th century, New York, there's three financial strength of life insurance companies and two commercial banks (First National Bank of New York and the New York Citibank). .Their respective control dozens of commercial banks and insurance companies, forming a strong financial monopolies, starting with the integration of industrial capital. .Rockefeller Foundation and the Morgan Foundation was born. .Early 20th century, the Rockefeller Foundation and Morgan consortium has control of the national wealth of all U.S. $ 120 000 000 000 1 / 3. .</ P> <P> in the two world wars, the U.S. consortium surprising development, the resulting monopoly has reached unprecedented heights. .Embodied in: ① the production of highly concentrated. .According to the U.S. "happiness" statistics ,1954-1969 Journal of the U.S. 500 largest industrial and mining product sales, the product share of total sales, from 46% to 65%; employing employees in the country .share of the total, from 46% to 71%. .The country's total mining sales 2 / 3 concentrated in only 0.1% of total number of enterprises hands of big business. .The 500 largest industrial and mining enterprises about 86% of the top ten financial groups. .② capital more and more concentrated. .The first time in 1901, "multi-billion dollar company", the bank capital and industrial capital are very focused and have become integrated. .After World War II, a higher degree of capital concentration. .The financial sector actually appeared in the 80s of billions of dollars of banks such as Citibank and Bank of America first. .With the monopoly power of the consortium of the rapid expansion of the economic strength of the consortium and continue to strengthen, control the U.S. political, economic and social life in all its aspects. .</ P> <P> consortium the monopoly on the U.S. economy </ P> <P> consortium owned enterprises than by the accumulation of capital, to expand the production capacity, but also rely on corporate mergers and expansion. .Since World War II to the late 70s, had set off three times the climax of mergers, each through a merger, the consortium's increased economic strength to be a more improved their monopoly of the national economy. .All sectors of the economy, are all subject to control and dominate the major consortia. .</ P> <P> consortium of American politics, diplomacy, the control </ P> <P> major consortia not only with its strong financial capital and industrial capital, to grasp the lifeline of the U.S. economy, but also use their financial ., entrepreneurs and economists, the organization of various committees, associations, trade unions and other public bodies, the United States for the current fiscal, financial, trade and other economic issues, the investigation report or research paper, favorable to the consortium's views on various proposals .to about the government's decision-making. .Monopoly Foundation through manipulation of presidential and parliamentary elections approach, competing government positions and parliament seats, and thus about the government's domestic and foreign, became the real ruling. .As the major interests of the consortium continue to expand overseas, and therefore particularly concerned about the government's foreign policy, doing everything possible to try to influence the government. .</ P> <P> consortium developing the new trend </ P> <P> new developments in science, technology, internationalization of production and the internationalization of capital, the U.S. monopoly of the consortium after the war experienced a profound change, the most significant are: .</ P> <P> consortium diversification and specialization gradually lose the characteristics of the U.S. consortium initially developed by economic sector, with professional features. .For example, the Rockefeller Foundation to the oil started to rely on iron and steel consortium developed Morgan, DuPont consortium is dependent on chemical fortune. .However, after the Second World War, especially since 70 years, as advances in science and technology and increased competition between the consortium, the consortium turned to the major diversification, becoming a comprehensive consortium. .With the diversification of development, the consortium under the control of the wide variety of industrial and commercial enterprises, colors, taste and interests between different, even conflicting, so the consortium can not represent their own interests, even more difficult for a unified command, had .lose control. .So in today's relationships within the consortium becoming loose. .</ P> <P> mutual penetration of the consortium and director of their dispatch staff exchange, so that the relationship between the consortium complex, difficult to draw boundaries. .The last major U.S. companies, large enterprises are generally subject only to the control of a consortium, in recent years, after the penetration of the consortium, a consortium of several companies often become the common control of the company. .Foundation Capital to further international consortium not only to the United States placed the U.S. economy under the rule of them, but also to expand their influence abroad, at the international level to establish their dominance. .Since the war, and the American Foundation greatly expand their range of economic activities, expansion by a multinational country. .The further internationalization of capital, multinational corporations has not only been the rapid development and economic activities in the world is becoming increasingly important, the United States under the control of the major consortium of large companies, large enterprises and banks, almost without exception have become .truly multinational corporation. .</ P> <P> operation and ownership of the company's gradual separation of "genius" Theory in industrial and mining enterprises in the United States gave birth to the root, the major manager of the company's hereditary from generation to generation is no longer practiced, but to elect the wise and able ., but good production techniques employed to master the management of the "hotshots" when the manager, the consortium increasingly weak family colors. .</ P> <P> Boston Foundation </ P> <P> Boston Financial Group </ P> <P> one of ten major consortia in the United States is the United States one of the oldest monopoly consortium. .It is operating from the 19th century slave trade and wealth in the Boston area Lowell, Lawrence, Adams and Lodge and other Kennedy family with the new coalition. .At the time, these families to overseas colonial plunder the accumulated huge amounts of money to invest in commercial banks, insurance undertakings and investment firms and financial institutions rely on these funds, management of textile, leather, footwear, clothing, food and chemical industry .and other textile industries. .As the rapid development of textile industry to the early 20th century, several generations of intermarriage in Boston this family, then the First National Bank of Boston, as the core, the formation of the Boston Foundation. .</ P> <P> First National Bank of Boston, founded in 1859. .1903 after the merger with the Massachusetts Bank, still called the First National Bank of Boston. .It is the first of a U.S. multinational banks. .In addition to banks, the wave of soil Benton Foundation also has four well-known insurance companies, to John? Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company was the largest. .</ P> <P> Boston Foundation's strength in the mining industry consortia is less than the east. .It controls the industry had mainly textile industry, from the 50's, the use of the MIT research the development of new technology industries, from textile industry to electronic, optical, space, missiles and other aspects of development. .For example, the Turks Tron companies it controls, the post-war annexation of the many small and medium companies, the strength and growth, business direction shifted from the textile industry and the aerospace industry, electronics industry, into a diversified company with more than 70 subsidiaries. .Both aviation and aerospace products manufacturing, electronic components, aircraft components, and operating winding watches, furniture and poultry industries. .It should be a rise in the Bell Aircraft Corporation, is a arms exporter, as the Pentagon and foreign made helicopters. .Boston Foundation in the development of emerging technologies in industry with superior technology, Harvard University, MIT and other leading research universities, a strong impetus to the development of sophisticated industries in the Boston area. .Turks Trondheim their respective companies, Raytheon and Paula Lloyd companies, to stimulate the emerging technology industry, economic strength is growing rapidly. .Politically, the Boston Foundation has supported the United Geck JF Kennedy, Rockefeller Foundation president. .Kennedy to take charge of the White House, for the wave of soil win a large number of military orders Benton Foundation, JP Morgan consortium caused strong resentment. .November 1963 at John F. Kennedy was assassinated Union, a blow to the Boston Foundation, to make it competitive with other consortia in the position of decline. .</ P> <P> Texas consortium </ P> <P> Texas Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium. .Texas, after World War II rise of a new consortium, mainly by the oil industry and the arms industry to develop. .To KW Mackey Johnson, S. Richardson, HL Hunt, J. Bailang, JA Elkins and other founding family is represented. .</ P> <P> Texas consortium of bank capital is relatively weak, although with four banks and three insurance companies, but did not create a strong financial center. .Four banks are: First National Bank of Dallas, Houston Chapter - City National Bank, Dallas, Texas, the Republic of China Bank and commercial banks. .Industrial and mining enterprises under the control of the consortium of Texas to Houston, Tenneco's largest companies. .It's one of the largest U.S. oil and gas pipeline company, has developed into a variety of operation of the integrated company, due to the infiltration by the Rockefeller Foundation, has become a two consortium jointly controlled companies. .In the arms industry, the Texas consortium of companies control the two well-known. .One is the LTV Corporation (formerly Yilin - Te Muke - Water Company), the founder of JJ Lin, good merger, in 1960 the company merged Temu Ke aircraft, and later merged in 1961, Vought (manufacture of aircraft and .missiles). .80 years to diversify operations, but still manufacturing weapons-based, profit-very thick, developed rapidly. .Another for the Hughes Aircraft Company, founded in 1933, operations of the experimental design and manufacturing is limited, began in 1942, commercial production, manufacturing, ship, reconnaissance cameras and various aircraft parts. .Half of the 80's, the company's electronic control systems and other electrical components, aircraft industry in the United States are leading, so the business is booming, turnover increased significantly. .In addition, the Texas consortium also has some of the production of industrial products, cutting-edge technology companies such as Texas Instruments. .</ P> <P> DuPont consortium </ P> <P> Du Pont Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium, formed by the DuPont family to rely on the chemical industry and the arms industry started in the consortium. .EI DuPont, founder of the French immigrants? Deneimuer. .He fled to the U.S. during the French Revolution, in 1802 in Wilmington, Delaware, founder of the DuPont Corporation, the business operations of gunpowder; DuPont family of five generations after the operation, finally DuPont into a typical family trust. .DuPont in World War I from the pre-war assets increased $ 75,000,000 $ 300,000,000 in 1918; became one of the largest monopoly. .DuPont consortium formed. .In 1935, total assets of the consortium by DuPont 26.3 million, in eight major consortia in the United States was sixth place. .During World War II, DuPont consortium obtained from the Pentagon 21 billion U.S. dollars worth of military orders, took part in the atomic bomb after the war, the economic strength has increased tremendously in the top ten ranked fifth in the consortium; but up to 60 years ., due to increased competition between the consortium, the consortium's position DuPont fell, relegated to the ninth position. .</ P> <P> consortium DuPont to mining and industrial-based economic strength. .Industrial and mining enterprises in 1974, the consortium's total assets, 69% of its assets. .Industrial capital and mainly concentrated in the DuPont Co. and General Motors. .DuPont is the largest U.S. chemical company, 80% of its required raw material oil. ., Since 1973, again by the oil crisis. .80 years, the company turned to the development of plastic industry and of scientific research, production and not to petroleum based products, such as the production of synthetic fibers with microbial fermentation. .Dupont, another consortium of large companies General Motors (common control with the Morgan Foundation), the largest U.S. auto company. .</ P> <P> DuPont consortium of bank capital is weak compared to other consortia, the lack of a well-funded financial institutions as a core, long time, had attached to its financial operations and other Morgan Foundation to fund the consortium. .</ P> <P> DuPont consortium is a typical family trust, DuPont DuPont family is essentially a consortium, whose capital is mostly family wealth. .All important functions are controlled by members of the family, until the first half of the 70's; the company's chairman and general manager in succession from the outside world only "capable" as. .</ P> <P> first Citibank consortium </ P> <P> First National City Bank Financial Group </ P> <P> one of ten major consortia in the United States, the eastern part of the post-war rise of consortia. .History is short, but its control over the total assets of the consortium of several old, jumping to the forefront of the top ten financial groups. .The Citigroup consortium in the first core, relying on its huge amounts of money, to the arms industry (such as rockets, missiles and aircraft, etc.) and civilian industries (such as electronic, chemical, oil and non-ferrous metallurgy, etc.) on power and control of a large number of .well-known large enterprises and large corporations. .It is also a consortium of foreign expansion of one of the most active. .</ P> <P> first predecessor of Citibank was founded in 1812 in New York, Citibank, the behavior of Wall Street's oldest banks. .To the late 19th and early 20th century by Stillman and Rockefeller family control of the two, as the Standard Oil system (Mobil Oil System) funds control center, and thus to obtain rapidly. .30 years by the world economic crisis, the business recover. .In the 50's wave of mergers occurred, it re-active, in 1955 merged with First National Bank of New York changed its name to First National City Bank of New York in 1962 to switch to its present name. .To the formation of the bank at the core of the first Citibank consortium, the consortium to squeeze into the top ten ranks of the United States. .</ P> <P> Citigroup consortium first developed so quickly it was mainly due to the economic strength of the consortium is the first Citibank arms production with close ties with large companies and large enterprises posed. .It controls in the arms production of the Boeing Company and United Aircraft Corporation, in addition to production of large civil aircraft, but has always been a major U.S. defense contractor, main contractor jet bombers, militias Ⅲ ICBMs, and the manufacture of rockets and the Apollo program .space launchers and other military products, orders from the military every year to get amazing high profits. .There are other companies consortium owned oil company Atlantic Richfield (common control with the Morgan Foundation), Phillips Petroleum Company (with Morgan consortium jointly controlled), Xerox Corporation, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Caterpillar Tractor Company (with Morgan Foundation and the .DuPont consortium jointly controlled) and the production of computer's National Cash Register. .On the business side, there Penney Company (with Morgan consortium jointly controlled), and jewelry stores (with the Chicago consortium jointly control). .The companies have a monopoly position at home and abroad. .</ P> <P> California consortium </ P> <P> California Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium. .After World War II rise of the new consortia, including the Inter-American Bank Group, San Francisco, Los Angeles Group of the Group failed. .The economic strength of the three groups during World War II, with the arms industry in California to obtain the rapid development of rapid growth, particularly growth of financial capital is particularly alarming, Bank of America to form consortia as a financial center. .1974, has assets of 167.1 billion U.S. dollars, ten major consortia in the United States ranked third in the American political and economic life play a major role. .It with an emerging southern consortium group in the arms industry, as the old consortium with the Northeast to rival forces. .</ P> <P> the consortium's financial capital of California is very strong, with the major commercial banks are Bank of America, the West Bank of the company, the Security Pacific Corporation and Wells, the San Francisco area? Fargo and Crocker National Corporation. .</ P> <P> Bank of America is the core of California Financial Group, formerly the Italian immigrant AP methamphetamine by Bernini in the 20th century founder of the Italian bank. .Due to our rapid growth, to 20 years to become the western United States largest banks; the early 30s, and California, Bank of America merger, changed its name to Bank of America (full name of the Savings Bank of America National Trust). .World War II, it has brought huge profits over the time when New York's Chase National Bank, the largest U.S. commercial banks. .Bank of America is the greatest right to vote has been JP Morgan, Citibank consortium and the consortium under the control of First California Bank of America's forces in the consortium is far better than before. .</ P> <P> consortium under the control of the industrial and mining enterprises in California, before World War II based on agriculture and mining; during and after World War II, as California has become the largest U.S. arms production base, the consortium .under the control of arms production-based industrial company. .For example, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Litton Industries and Northrop. .These companies are the top ten U.S. arms dealers and arms exporters. .After the war, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation in the United States Department of Defense's arms order, the long-term resident in the first place. .But the production of arms control of the company, gradually falling into the hands of big businesses in eastern California, the strength of the consortium has been the relative decline in status. .</ P> <P> Cleveland consortium </ P> <P> Cleveland Finanial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium, named after the location of Cleveland. .</ P> <P> 19 half-century, the Cleveland area a few wealthy families closely linked with each other, mainly Mather, Hanna, Humphrey, Eaton and other family, the rich use of local coal and iron resources, .founder of the steel industry to obtain huge profits, and investment in the banking industry to the rubber industry and railway transport development. .After World War I with the conditions of the consortium in 1935 with assets of 1.4 billion, for the eighth time the U.S. consortium. .During World War II, but also further development of asset growth in 1955 reached 15.7 billion U.S. dollars, up sixth for the U.S. consortium. .60's, due to restrictions in areas in which the consortium, the strength of a recession. .</ P> <P> Cleveland consortium of economic strength to steel, rubber, rail transport and other departments, mainly in the basic industries in the United States have a certain status. .Iron and steel industry is the main interest of the consortium, which controls 10 of the nation's largest steel company in the four, namely, Republic Steel, Lex - Youngstown Company, Armco Steel Corporation (and the Mellon Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation .common control) and the National Iron and Steel Company (common control with the Mellon Foundation). .Cleveland Foundation in the rubber industry in the United States has important interests, the United States the two largest rubber companies - Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, Cleveland and other consortia are jointly controlled. .Financial capital and the Cleveland Foundation, Cleveland, it has the trust companies and other financial institutions 5, the strength is limited, funding had to rely on the eastern consortium, in particular, Morgan consortium of financial institutions. .</ P> <P> Rockefeller Foundation </ P> <P> Rockefeller Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium. .Rockefeller family is the basis of the oil monopoly, through continuous control of financial institutions, the sphere of influence stretched national economic departments of the nation's largest monopoly. .JD Rockefeller, founder of the oil started in Cleveland in 1863 opened the refinery, based on the plant in 1870 to expand the composition of standard Huai Ohio (U.S. translation of the original words) oil companies, and soon dominated the U.S. oil industry, and .their access to the huge profits to invest in the financial industry and manufacturing, the rapid development of economic strength. .Total assets was only 6.6 billion dollars in 1935 to increase to 82.6 billion U.S. dollars in 1960, 25 years, an increase of 11.5 times. .Subsequently continue to be a huge development, by 1974 total assets reached 330.5 billion U.S. dollars, more than the Morgan Foundation, ranking first in the Top Ten U.S. consortium. .The largest U.S. oil companies have 16, including eight belonging to the Rockefeller Foundation. .</ P> <P> the Rockefeller Foundation in bank capital controls typical of industrial capital. .It has a large financial network to the core of the Chase Manhattan Bank, Chemical Bank of New York under the will and life insurance company equitable life insurance companies and other financial institutions hundred. .Through these financial institutions, direct or indirect control of many industrial and mining enterprises in the metallurgical, chemical, rubber, automotive, food, air transport, telecommunications and other sectors of the economy and plays an important role in the arms industry. .Under the control of arms in its companies: McDonald? Douglas, Martin? Mali eta Corporation (common control with the Mellon Foundation), Sperry? Rand Corporation and the Westinghouse Electric Company (and Mellon .consortium jointly controlled) and so on. .Rockefeller Foundation also co-alone or with other consortium controlled United Airlines, Pan American Airlines, American Airlines, Trans World Airlines and Eastern Airlines and other five largest U.S. airline. .</ P> <P> 1973 after the energy crisis, OPEC countries started with the U.S. monopoly capital-tat struggle against the Rockefeller Foundation gave a heavy blow. .The consortium has taken various measures to restore this negative situation. .First, the development of domestic oil in the United States, for domestic coastal offshore oil lease rights received in 1976, and the Atlantic coast of central Alaska oil lease has 130 million acres. .Also with the Shell oil company to jointly develop the UK North Sea oil fields. .It into the energy industry and other relevant departments. .In addition, great efforts to the development of petrochemical industry. .</ P> <P> the Rockefeller Foundation, not only in the economic sphere dominance in the government also placed a large number of agents, so the U.S. government's domestic and foreign policy. .It also adopted the Rockefeller Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and other organizations, to education, science, art and social health as well as infiltration of all aspects of life, to expand its influence. .</ P> <P> However, the Rockefeller Foundation, 80 years, the growing economic strength decline, resulting in reduced status, the consortium has more than Morgan. .Mainly due to mutual penetration of the U.S. consortium, the Rockefeller Foundation-owned large enterprises, such as Exxon and other big banks such as Chase Manhattan Bank, have been the infiltration of other consortia to become, jointly controlled. .</ P> <P> Mellon Foundation </ P> <P> Mellon Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium, is the Mellon family as the center and started the big monopoly capital financial group .. .T., founder of Thomas Mellon founded in 1869. Mellon & Sons Bank, has developed rapidly. .National Bank in 1902 to change Mingmei Long Mellon Foundation which started the financial pillars. .It as a starting point, and gradually integrated with the industrial capital, and gradually form a consortium. .Mellon Foundation under the control of financial institutions, in addition to Mellon National Bank, there are National Bank of Pittsburgh and General Re. .Long time, the Mellon Foundation through these financial institutions in controlling the Pittsburgh region, the bank capital and industrial capital. .</ P> <P> Mellon Foundation under the control of the industrial and mining enterprises, the oldest is the U.S. aluminum company. .Its predecessor was the smelting company in Pittsburgh in 1890 to control for the Mellon Bank and his son. .Since 1910, the U.S. aluminum company Alcoa had a monopoly on the production, Mellon Foundation is one of the pillars of the industry. .Another important pillar of the Gulf oil industry. .It is the largest U.S. oil monopoly, one of the main businesses include oil exploration, refining, transportation and sales; 80 years and the expansion of the petrochemical production capacity of ethylene in the United States the third largest chemical company. .Mellon Foundation in the production of iron and steel industry also has a certain position, with Armco Steel Company (with the Rockefeller Foundation, the Cleveland consortium jointly controlled), the National Iron and Steel Company (Cleveland consortium jointly controlled) and Wheeling - Pittsburgh Steel, A .Le Geni - Rod Lum industrial companies, four major steel companies. .In addition, the consortium also has a Westinghouse Electric Company (common control with the Rockefeller Foundation), Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (and Rockefeller, Chicago and Cleveland consortium jointly controlled) and Rockwell International Corporation. .Rockwell at the end infiltration by any company, specialized design and manufacture of aircraft, missiles and rockets, has long been the Pentagon and NASA's prime contractor, profit greatly. .</ P> <P> Morgan consortium </ P> <P> Morgan Financial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium. .Late 19th early 20th century, the U.S. economy for the rule of monopoly capital consortium. .JP Morgan, founder of the financial resources of its parent on the basis of JS Morgan, founded in 1871 with a partner Drexel - Morgan, engaged in investment and credit and other banking business. .The death of a partner in 1894, its sole proprietor, in 1895 the company changed its name to JP Morgan, and the company headquarters to the financial services industry and economic sectors (such as iron and steel, railways and public utilities, etc.) for expansion, began to form monopoly consortium .. .In 1912, Morgan controlled financial institutions in the consortium of 13, total assets of 3.04 billion total, of which Morgan is the most abundant strength, rule the roost in the U.S. financial sector, Wall Street's financial boss called Morgan a "banker's banker." .World War I, made a fortune in the Morgan Foundation, with its strong post-war financial capital into all sectors of the national economy; 30's, the consortium controlled by JP Morgan largest bank with total assets of large enterprises accounted for eight at the U.S. 50% of the consortium .above. .</ P> <P> the increasing competition between the consortium and other consortia to Morgan consortium for the attack all the major goals, and thus the relative decline in its position of strength, once over by the Rockefeller Foundation. .To restore the downturn, it has taken a variety of measures. .On the financial front, the use of a solid financial foundation, expansion capabilities. .In industry, actively develop new technology industry, 60 years since the computer, such as high-speed copiers and microfilm technology sector, has leapt to the top. .Consortium owned International Business Machines Corporation, is the world's largest computer manufacturing companies. .The consortium had a good foundation of electrical equipment, electrical equipment and nuclear equipment industry has made great development. .In the arms industry, Morgan consortium controlled General Electric, General Dynamics and Grumman Aircraft Corporation, ranked the United States Department of Defense's largest defense contractor to the forefront. .To the late 70s, Morgan consortium rapid growth of the trust assets, much higher than the other consortia, and other cutting-edge computer technology to the rise of industry, but also to the economic strength of the consortium doubled. .Morgan consortium regardless of the number of businesses in the control and ownership of assets, they are above the top of the Rockefeller Foundation. .</ P> <P> Morgan consortium in the financial industry have a solid foundation. .Its main pillars are J.P. Morgan. .Morgan is one of the world's largest multinational banks in the country has 10 subsidiary companies, and many branches, there are more than 1,000 communications banks. .About 20 major cities in foreign countries with branches or representative offices in nearly 40 countries have a stake in financial institutions. .The operating characteristics of a large number of huge trading stocks and business assets of the trust. .It controls 37 foreign commercial banks, development banks, investment companies and other enterprises of the shares. .In addition, manufacturers Hanover Company, Bankers Trust Company and the Northwest Bank of New York Company, prudent protection of life insurance companies, and companies such as New York Life. .In the industrial and mining areas are International Business Machines Corporation, General Electric, International Telephone and Telegraph Company, U.S. Steel and General Motors Corporation; in public utilities, we have the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and Southern Company. .</ P> <P> Chicago consortium </ P> <P> Chicago Finanial Group </ P> <P> one of the Top Ten U.S. consortium, a consortium of the U.S. Midwest. .Early 20th century, wealthy families from the local McCormick family, the EK Wood family and the emerging family composition to the Chicago area for the activity center is named. .</ P> <P> Chicago area climate, abundant rainfall, fertile land, appropriate to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, have long become the major food area and livestock area. .Well-developed agriculture and animal husbandry, meat processing and agricultural machinery industries were developed, and soon got into the Chicago area after New York's business and financial center. .These wealthy families together to form a monopoly consortium. .1935, has assets of 4.3 billion, eight major consortia in the United States at the time living in the fourth. .</ P> <P> consortium of Chicago's relatively strong financial strength, with five major banks: Continental Illinois Corporation, First Chicago Corporation, Harris Bank Company, Northern Trust and Bank of America Corporation. .In addition, there are two insurance companies: Messina (CNA) financial companies and state insurance companies. .In recent years, the Chicago Foundation squeezed by the big Wall Street financial groups and financial strength of the far less. .Continental Illinois, the penetration of the company by JP Morgan consortium, the consortium has become the common control of two companies; First Chicago Corporation and is controlled by the Rockefeller Foundation, the consortium is actually from Chicago are the two consortia. .</ P> <P> consortium under the control of Chicago's industrial sector is mainly agro-processing industries and traditional agricultural machinery manufacturing industry as well as targeted commercial agricultural areas. .In the agro-processing industry, which controls 12 meat processing companies, among the larger companies have ace Mark and the United Food Company. .Agricultural machinery, it has International Harvester, Caterpillar Tractor Company (with the Rockefeller Foundation two consortium jointly controlled), and Deere & Company. .This three tractor agricultural machinery company accounts for 60% of tractor sales market. .After World War II, Chicago consortium dramatic expansion of the oil industry, it belonging to the Rockefeller Foundation of Indiana Standard Oil and Texaco company has a large investment, but also a combination of key personnel. .</ P> <P> Chicago consortium plays an important role in business. .With Sears - Lou Buck Company, Federated Department Stores, jewelry shops and Marshall? Rumsfeld huge retail companies, company. .Sears - Lou Buck Company Founded in 1866, the early 20th century a great development business mail order business, retail stores and supply points throughout the United States in 1982, company assets by 36.6 billion U.S. dollars, total annual sales of 30 billion U.S. dollars, in the United States .department store occupies the first place. .</ P>.